analysis of human alienation in existential thought of self-based selection and other-based selection

collapse of the christian church in the west is the beginning of enlightenment era in which western theorists constituted a new base in theoretical and practical thoughts with dominance of positivist thoughts and with disregard to metaphysical principles. meanwhile, when these new schools of thought became unable to lay a solid foundation to give meaning to the world and human life and when they laid human beings in weak moral principles and social collapse, existentialists tried to make them return to their fundamentality with their principles. some of them, like nietzsche, heidegger and sartre, with a focus on self-based election and others like kierkegaard, gabriel marcel and tillich, with focus on other-based selection, discussed this topic. but proponents of these two viewpoints, in addition to their false belief regarding fundamentality of human being and lack of any intrinsic whatness, epistemic challenges of them in understanding real position of humans, made them fail in providing these important goals.